Hemophilia – Its types, symptoms, and management

Hemophilia – Its types, symptoms, and management

Hemophilia is a group of congenital or acquired bleeding disorders where the blood takes time to clot. People with this disorder may bleed longer if they have an injury or surgery. According to the CDC, about 30,000 to 32,000 people in the country suffer from hemophilia. Contrary to popular belief, this is treatable if the condition is diagnosed and treated on time. Other important facts and information about hemophilia are as follows:

What is hemophilia?
A clotting factor is a protein in our blood that controls bleeding. If our blood does not have adequate quantities of this protein, it takes time for the blood to clot. Normally, in the case of any injury, trauma, or surgery, bleeding stops right after first aid, dressing, or once the doctors suture the site. However, in a person with hemophilia, the bleeding may continue for a long time and may need attention and treatment. The clotting factors that affect blood clotting are VIII, IX, and XI. Hemophilia is classified based on which clotting factor is lacking in the affected person.

Types of hemophilia
The type of hemophilia a person has is based on what clotting factors their body lacks. There are three types of hemophilia. They are Hemophilia A, B, and C. While Hemophilia A is more common, types B and C are rare.

  • Hemophilia A
    Hemophilia A or classic hemophilia happens when a mutation in the F8 gene results in lower production of clotting factor VIII or FVIII. It is predominantly an inherited condition. FVIII is found in the X chromosome, and as a result, it affects men more than women.
  • Hemophilia B
    If a person has none or insufficient blood clotting factor IX, or FIX, the condition is hemophilia B and is also referred to as Christmas disease. It occurs when there is a mutation in the gene f9, which is found in the X chromosome. As a result, men are at a higher risk than women.
  • Hemophilia C
    If a person has low blood clotting factor XI or FXI, the condition is classified as Hemophilia C. It is also known as Rosenthal Syndrome. FXI is found in the F11 gene located on chromosome 4. Men and women inherit two copies of chromosome 4, and both are at risk if they inherit a defective gene. Though hemophilia C is predominantly inherited, autoimmune diseases like lupus can also cause it.

Three forms of hemophilia A, B, and C
The three forms of hemophilia A, B, and C are mild, moderate, and severe. The form never changes till the end. A person with a moderate or severe form of hemophilia will remain so forever. However, if a person has a mild form of type A, their bodies could produce more FVIII as they age.

Symptoms 

Hemophilia A and B
The symptoms of type A and B are very similar. Severe hemophilia can be diagnosed early within the first year of a child’s birth. Doctors monitor infants closely if anyone in the family has a history of hemophilia. Babies may develop bruises and unusual swelling after birth or sometimes within one year. They may also have excessive bruising after immunization. As they grow and begin to play, they may bruise easily, even with slight knocks or falls. Boys may bleed longer after circumcision or tooth extraction. Other symptoms of hemophilia A and B in adults include:

  • Pain and swelling in joints and muscles
  • Easy bruising
  • Frequent nosebleeds
  • Bloody urine
  • Long hours of bleeding after tooth extraction or a heel prick

Hemophilia C
The symptoms in type C are generally milder, and there is a lesser risk of internal or spontaneous bleeding.

Diagnosis of hemophilia
Doctors physically examine the patient and check for bruises or any unusual bleeding. They also prescribe blood tests to check the activity levels of clotting factors. Using the blood tests, doctors will also classify if the person has mild, moderate, or severe Hemophilia A, B, or C.

Treatment and management of hemophilia

  • Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B
    Doctors regularly inject FVIII or FVIII intravenously or directly into the bloodstream. Doctors may also administer FVIII or FIX as a preventive measure for those with severe Hemophilia A or B.
  • Hemophilia C
    Doctors administer antifibrinolytics to slow down the breakdown of fibrin. They may also administer frozen plasma or concentrated FXI.

For all types of hemophilia, doctors may administer the clotting factors regularly or when bleeding happens. Apart from administering clotting factors, other processes and therapies that are used to treat hemophilia are:

  • Hormone therapies
    Doctors use hormone therapies for mild forms of hemophilia. They inject the hormone through a vein or a nasal spray, simulating the production of the relevant clotting factor.
  • Prescriptions
    There are some newer approaches to treat hemophilia A, using prescriptions by doctors that prevent bleeding. Doctors also use antifibrinolytics to prevent the breaking down of clots.
  • Fibrin sealants
    Fibrin sealants are surgical formulations applied to injury sites to aid clotting and healing.
  • Physical therapy
    Physical therapy can help relieve pain caused by bleeding in joints and muscles.

Hemophilia is a treatable condition when diagnosed and treated on time. It is essential to speak to a doctor if one notices any of the above-mentioned symptoms.

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4 healthy foods for nursing mothers

Mothers who have recently delivered babies don't have sufficient nutrition due to the loss of blood and lactation. As a result, they have to carefully choose foods that are rich in calcium, carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, iron, folic acid, protein, and vitamins B6, B12, C, and D. Thankfully, healthy foods and supplements can help them regain strength and supply breastmilk to their newborns. The top four superfoods that can help nursing mothers include: Bananas Bananas are less expensive, available throughout the year, and considered a superfood for nursing moms. They are rich in nutrients, healthy carbs, vitamin B, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. Bananas are also abundant in potassium, calcium, and pectin, a source of energy. Experts claim that having a banana every day can help moms regain the energy they need to take care of the baby and breastfeed. Potassium is crucial for maintaining fluid balance in the mother's body and aids in the rampant transmission of nerve impulses.  Bananas can also aid in regulating blood pressure. It can prevent constipation, aid in regular bowel movements, and promote healthy gut bacteria. These fruits can provide about 1/4th of the vitamin B6 required for nursing moms, which is crucial for hemoglobin production and fighting antibodies. However, avoid bananas if you have allergies, a bout of cough and cold, or diabetes. Mothers can eat bananas after any meal or even add them to smoothies or pancakes as part of a meal. Fatty fish Fatty fish are naturally rich in vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. Fish like salmon and sardines are one of the few food sources of vitamin D, which is essential for mothers and their infants. A deficiency of vitamin D in infants, though uncommon now, can lead to weak and deformed bones. These fish also contain DHA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid essential for an infant's brain and heart development. DHA can be naturally found in breast milk if a mother eats fatty fish, eggs, or red meat. Omega-3 acids can also help in preventing postpartum depression. Mothers can choose from freshly caught fish, buy from verified farms, or use canned salmon. However, ensure that you have salmon or sardines twice a week to get its benefits and increase the production of breastmilk production. Homemade stock Soups and broths are wholesome and satisfying meals for nursing mothers. The most significant advantage of broths or soups is you can make large quantities and freeze them. The first three months can be hectic for new moms, which is why broths are perfect. They are nutritious, time savers, and can instantly replenish nutrients and strength. Mothers can use the bones and cartilage of chicken or lamb for meat broths. However, slow-cook them as the soup will have time to absorb all the nutrients and minerals from the meat and bones.  On the other hand, vegetarian mothers can make soups and broths of various vegetables and lentils. Bell pepper, carrots, celery stalks, french beans, lentils, mung, cottage cheese, and peas are ideal ingredients for vegetarian soups. Broths and soups can also help deal with postpartum depression and help regain bone density. It can also help reduce joint pain and strengthen joints right after childbirth. Leafy green vegetables It is widely known that green leafy vegetables contain multiple nutrients like vitamin A, C, E, and K, fiber, minerals, calcium, and antioxidants. Spinach has a high concentration of phytoestrogens and iron. When a nursing mom increases the intake of spinach, it raises the estrogen level and helps stimulate milk production. Phytoestrogens also help in regulating and reducing cholesterol and blood sugar levels. They are low on calories; hence, you do not have to worry about gaining weight. One serving of green leafy vegetables daily is the recommended quantity for nursing moms.  Mothers can also eat broccoli and Swiss Chard, which are high in calcium and iron. The daily calcium requirement for nursing moms is about 1,300 milligrams a day. Kale or collard greens also can supply about 20% of the daily calcium requirement. Moms can also have milk and yogurt to ensure they receive the necessary supply of calcium. They can add greens to salads, smoothies, soups, or casseroles. Cigna breast pump Cigna is a global health service company that offers health, pharmacy, dental and supplemental insurance, and Medicare plans. You can get 100% of Cigna's insurance for hospital-grade and standard electric breast pumps with a prescription from your physician, midwife, or nurse practitioner. Cigna also covers the cost of renting a heavy-duty hospital-grade breast pump if a standard breast pump fails. Elvie Free Elvie, one of the brands covered by Cigna with a doctor's prescription, has introduced a revolutionary, silent wearable breast pump that women can discretely fit in their clothes. It is a wireless breast pump that can be operated through a smartphone. This easy-to-use pump can be used confidently and without any hassle. Since it is silent, it can be used anywhere without any disturbance or the need for privacy. Moreover, there are no tubes or pipes. It consists of five easy-to-assemble and clean components that make pumping clean and safe. If you're a new mother who wants to try out breast pumps, give this a try after consulting a doctor. 

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7 simple snack ideas that can reduce cholesterol levels

If the cholesterol level in an adult is above 240 mg/dL, they have high cholesterol. The level varies for men and women based on their age. 12% of adults and 7% of adolescents in the country have high cholesterol. Besides treatment, nutritional regimes and exercise are key to lowering cholesterol levels. A person with high cholesterol must commit to a diet that does not spike the current numbers. Here are some snack options that can lower cholesterol levels: Avocado Avocado is a must-have item in the kitchen if an individual has high cholesterol. It is rich in healthy fats that keep one satisfied, and it has 0 cholesterol. Avocado is also versatile; add it to egg, chicken, or vegetable salads, and make guacamole, toast, or salsa. If there are young kids with cholesterol, avocados can be included twice a week in ways that appeal to their palette. Here are some easy-to-make avocado snacks: Avocado and salmon toasts Avocado and cucumber roses Grilled avocado with hummus and tahini Avocado and chicken or egg salad Guacamole with baby carrots Baked avocado fries Baked chips If an individual is working towards lowering their cholesterol levels, it takes a lot of commitment and discipline. Doctors would have banned fries, but one can still enjoy healthy fries once in a while. Just bake them instead of deep frying them. Also, it should be had in moderation. Baking vegetables can prevent the intake of greasy oil full of unsaturated fats. Homemade baked fries are better than processed baked fries. Use healthy homemade dips and salsa instead of store-bought dips while eating chips. They may contain hidden sugar and salt that can add to weight gain. Here are some healthy ideas for baked chips: Sweet potato Zucchini Pumpkin Green Banana Carrot Beetroot Bitter Melon Fruity snacks One or 1 ½ cups or 2 to 3 servings of fruit is ideal for people with high cholesterol. It can help to keep your LDL cholesterol in check. Fruits are rich in soluble fiber and can aid the body in getting rid of cholesterol. Some fruits contain pectin, which can help in reducing cholesterol. Fruits are also beneficial for heart health. Fruits can be eaten in rotation or by making a fruit bowl, mixing an individual’s favorite fruits. If one prefers fruit juice, it can be had without sugar. Some fruits that help in lowering cholesterol levels are: Tomatoes Apples Lemons Limes Oranges Grapefruit Papaya Strawberries Salads Fresh homemade salads can be a wholesome meal or a snack. Doctors advise people with high cholesterol to eat five or six smaller meals daily instead of three heavy meals. Salads can be one of the items on the daily menu. But it can be beneficial only if one goes in for homemade salads. Store-bought salads may have preservatives and additives in their salad dressings. Vegetables can be chopped in advance, and one can add the dressing just before eating the salad. Make dressing out of lime, vinegar, pepper, and honey, avoid using store-bought dressing, and say no to croutons. Some salad ideas that aid in lowering cholesterol are: Apples, walnut, cheddar salad Cucumber avocado salad Garbanzo and rice salad Pineapple, carrot, cabbage, celery, and onion salad Quinoa, broccoli, and tomato salad Baby spinach and prawn salad Cholesterol-lowering beverages Snacks need not be solid all the time. If one feels hungry but not enough for a meal, they can also use beverages that help reduce cholesterol. Hot chocolate without sugar twice a day or green tea twice a day can be ideal snacks. Nuts and seeds Nuts and seeds are superfoods of micronutrients, unsaturated fats, and fiber. Most importantly, they are rich in antioxidants that help keep one healthy during the period when they are making changes to their new lifestyle and food habits. Have a handful of mixed nuts every day. The best nuts and seeds that aid in lowering cholesterol numbers are: Almonds Flaxseed Pistachios Pumpkin seeds Sesame seeds Sunflower seeds Walnuts Whole grain snacks Whole grains are highly recommended for lowering cholesterol as they contain zero cholesterol. It also adds to weight loss, a leading cause of high cholesterol. Slowly replace refined grains with whole grains like amaranth seeds, brown rice, bulgur, rye, quinoa, steel-cut oats, barley, wheat berries, and wild rice. Some healthy whole grain snack ideas are: Cereals Energy bars Melba toasts Muffins Oatcakes Popcorn Smoothies combining whole grains and fruits Tortillas Whole grain bread, pasta, pita bread Whole grain buns and rolls Whole grain cookies Importance of lowering high cholesterol Management of cholesterol through a nutritional regime is just one approach. It may not be entirely helpful unless combined with a structured treatment and regular exercise. Giving up on a low-cholesterol nutritional regime halfway can cause a spike in the numbers and put one at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Many assume that only people with a higher BMI are at a risk for higher cholesterol. Cholesterol does not give out any symptoms; many find out they may have higher numbers during a routine blood test. Undetected or untreated cholesterol can lead to the following complications: Atherosclerosis Fat deposits in artery walls Heart attack Hypertension Stroke Type 2 diabetes

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