Early warning signs of 6 types of muscular dystrophy

Early warning signs of 6 types of muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy refers to more than 30 types of genetic disorders that may damage or weaken muscles over time. It generally occurs due to a deficiency of the protein “dystrophin,” which is crucial for muscle function. The signs and symptoms may vary depending on the type of MD, condition, and its severity in every affected individual. This article aims to identify six types of muscular dystrophy disorders and their early warning signs.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
DMD is one of the most common and chronic types of muscular dystrophy. Its onset typically occurs in early childhood, between the ages of 2 and 3. The condition typically affects boys, although there have been rare occurrences among girls as well. Due to its severity, people living with this health condition tend to have a shorter life expectancy. Common symptoms of DMD include:

  • Trouble walking, running, or jumping
  • Loss of reflexes
  • Difficulty standing up
  • Poor posture
  • Waddling gait
  • Bone thinning
  • Abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
  • Learning differences
  • Delayed growth
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Lung and heart weakness

Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD)
BMD is a rare genetic disorder that causes muscle weakness and degeneration over time. Symptoms generally begin to develop between the ages of 5 and 15. Men are at the highest risk of inheriting this condition. Symptoms may include:

  • Muscle weakness (generally in the arms and legs)
  • Walking on the toes
  • Frequent falls
  • Muscle cramps
  • Trouble getting up from the floor
  • Difficulty walking up the stairs
  • Low tolerance for exercise
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of balance and coordination

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD)
Congenital muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle disorder that affects one right from birth or develops in the early stages of infancy. It is typically attributed to the loss of glycoproteins that impact muscle function and their ability to repair damage.

Those with congenital muscular dystrophy may experience symptoms such as:

  • Low levels of spontaneous movement (kicking or waving)
  • Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
  • Muscle weakness
  • Poor muscle control
  • Inability to sit or stand without support
  • Scoliosis
  • Foot deformities
  • Trouble swallowing
  • Respiratory problems
  • Vision problems
  • Speech problems
  • Learning differences

Myotonic dystrophy
Myotonic dystrophy leads to progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Not only can this condition affect muscle movement, but it may also impact electrical activity in the heart. In some cases, it may also lead to diabetes, hormonal changes, reproductive problems, or tumor growth. The most commonly noticed symptoms of myotonic dystrophy include:

  • Drooping muscles in the face
  • Difficulty lifting the neck (due to weakened muscles)
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Droopy eyelids
  • Early balding (receding hairline)
  • Cataracts
  • Slow and irregular heartbeat (cardiac arrhythmia)
  • Increased sweating
  • Slurred speech
  • Bowel problems (like diarrhea, constipation, or incontinence)
  • Behavioral problems
  • Excessive sleepiness and tiredness

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)
This genetic disorder affects the muscles of the face, shoulder blades, and upper arms. According to research, most cases of FSHD result from genetic mutations of the double homeobox protein four gene ( DUX4 ). Symptoms of this condition usually begin before the age of 20. While the condition progresses slowly, symptom severity may be highly variable among patients. Symptoms of FSHD may include:

  • Difficulty chewing or swallowing
  • Slanted shoulders
  • The crooked appearance of the mouth
  • Shoulder blades begin to appear wing-like
  • Abdominal muscle weakness
  • Facial weakness (making it difficult to smile or sip from a straw)
  • Mild hearing loss
  • Pain and inflammation
  • Weakness in the lower legs

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD)
This rare genetic condition affects people of all genders. It causes muscle weakness around the eyelids and the throat, affecting vision, swallowing, and talking. Over time, this weakness may also extend to the neck and shoulders. Symptoms generally begin to show between the ages of 40 and 60. Some symptoms of OPMD include:

  • Drooping eyelids
  • Vision problems
  • Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Voice changes
  • Heart problems
  • Difficulty walking
  • Tongue shrinking
  • Pooling of saliva
  • Weakness in the legs and arms

Muscular dystrophy affects every person differently. Complications also depend on the type and severity of the disorder. There is no cure for these conditions. However, early diagnosis may help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Diagnostic tests may include blood testing, genetic testing, electromyography, neurological physical exam, muscle biopsy, cardiac testing, MRIs, ultrasounds, and exercise assessments.

Once diagnosed, treatment is aimed at symptom management and may include physical, respiratory, speech, and/or occupational therapy, assisted ventilation, or surgery.

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4 healthy foods for nursing mothers

Mothers who have recently delivered babies don't have sufficient nutrition due to the loss of blood and lactation. As a result, they have to carefully choose foods that are rich in calcium, carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, iron, folic acid, protein, and vitamins B6, B12, C, and D. Thankfully, healthy foods and supplements can help them regain strength and supply breastmilk to their newborns. The top four superfoods that can help nursing mothers include: Bananas Bananas are less expensive, available throughout the year, and considered a superfood for nursing moms. They are rich in nutrients, healthy carbs, vitamin B, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. Bananas are also abundant in potassium, calcium, and pectin, a source of energy. Experts claim that having a banana every day can help moms regain the energy they need to take care of the baby and breastfeed. Potassium is crucial for maintaining fluid balance in the mother's body and aids in the rampant transmission of nerve impulses.  Bananas can also aid in regulating blood pressure. It can prevent constipation, aid in regular bowel movements, and promote healthy gut bacteria. These fruits can provide about 1/4th of the vitamin B6 required for nursing moms, which is crucial for hemoglobin production and fighting antibodies. However, avoid bananas if you have allergies, a bout of cough and cold, or diabetes. Mothers can eat bananas after any meal or even add them to smoothies or pancakes as part of a meal. Fatty fish Fatty fish are naturally rich in vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. Fish like salmon and sardines are one of the few food sources of vitamin D, which is essential for mothers and their infants. A deficiency of vitamin D in infants, though uncommon now, can lead to weak and deformed bones. These fish also contain DHA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid essential for an infant's brain and heart development. DHA can be naturally found in breast milk if a mother eats fatty fish, eggs, or red meat. Omega-3 acids can also help in preventing postpartum depression. Mothers can choose from freshly caught fish, buy from verified farms, or use canned salmon. However, ensure that you have salmon or sardines twice a week to get its benefits and increase the production of breastmilk production. Homemade stock Soups and broths are wholesome and satisfying meals for nursing mothers. The most significant advantage of broths or soups is you can make large quantities and freeze them. The first three months can be hectic for new moms, which is why broths are perfect. They are nutritious, time savers, and can instantly replenish nutrients and strength. Mothers can use the bones and cartilage of chicken or lamb for meat broths. However, slow-cook them as the soup will have time to absorb all the nutrients and minerals from the meat and bones.  On the other hand, vegetarian mothers can make soups and broths of various vegetables and lentils. Bell pepper, carrots, celery stalks, french beans, lentils, mung, cottage cheese, and peas are ideal ingredients for vegetarian soups. Broths and soups can also help deal with postpartum depression and help regain bone density. It can also help reduce joint pain and strengthen joints right after childbirth. Leafy green vegetables It is widely known that green leafy vegetables contain multiple nutrients like vitamin A, C, E, and K, fiber, minerals, calcium, and antioxidants. Spinach has a high concentration of phytoestrogens and iron. When a nursing mom increases the intake of spinach, it raises the estrogen level and helps stimulate milk production. Phytoestrogens also help in regulating and reducing cholesterol and blood sugar levels. They are low on calories; hence, you do not have to worry about gaining weight. One serving of green leafy vegetables daily is the recommended quantity for nursing moms.  Mothers can also eat broccoli and Swiss Chard, which are high in calcium and iron. The daily calcium requirement for nursing moms is about 1,300 milligrams a day. Kale or collard greens also can supply about 20% of the daily calcium requirement. Moms can also have milk and yogurt to ensure they receive the necessary supply of calcium. They can add greens to salads, smoothies, soups, or casseroles. Cigna breast pump Cigna is a global health service company that offers health, pharmacy, dental and supplemental insurance, and Medicare plans. You can get 100% of Cigna's insurance for hospital-grade and standard electric breast pumps with a prescription from your physician, midwife, or nurse practitioner. Cigna also covers the cost of renting a heavy-duty hospital-grade breast pump if a standard breast pump fails. Elvie Free Elvie, one of the brands covered by Cigna with a doctor's prescription, has introduced a revolutionary, silent wearable breast pump that women can discretely fit in their clothes. It is a wireless breast pump that can be operated through a smartphone. This easy-to-use pump can be used confidently and without any hassle. Since it is silent, it can be used anywhere without any disturbance or the need for privacy. Moreover, there are no tubes or pipes. It consists of five easy-to-assemble and clean components that make pumping clean and safe. If you're a new mother who wants to try out breast pumps, give this a try after consulting a doctor. 

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11 possible signs of dental implant failure

Dental implants are a remarkable solution for those seeking to restore their smile and oral function. Their benefits include retaining bone structure, freedom from food restrictions, effective speech and communication, and a complete smile. However, like any medical procedure, complications can arise. A spectrum of signs might signal a potential issue with dental implants. Therefore, it's essential to recognize the following early signs of possible problems to ensure the longevity and efficacy of dental implants. Persistent pain and discomfort Beyond post-operative discomfort, an intensifying pain can indicate an underlying issue. This pain may manifest as a lingering ache, sharp spasms, or even a throbbing sensation. If the pain persists or worsens over time, it is vital to seek a professional assessment. This could indicate early inflammation, nerve involvement, or implant instability. Swelling and inflammation It's normal to experience some mild swelling and inflammation after a dental implant procedure. However, if these symptoms persist or worsen, it may indicate an underlying issue. When brushing, you may notice redness, swelling, or bleeding of the gums around the implant site. It's important to keep a close eye on these symptoms. Prolonged inflammation could be a sign of healing, infection, or problems with implant integration. Loose or wobbly implant Dental implants rely on osseointegration, where they fuse with the jawbone. If an implant feels unstable or mobile, it may indicate integration issues or potential structural concerns. Early intervention can prevent implant failure and the need for more extensive corrective procedures. A loose implant could indicate compromised bone density, improper placement, or an infection affecting the integration process. Difficulty in chewing or biting Dental implants restore the ability to chew and bite comfortably; difficulties in these activities might indicate a problem. It could stem from issues with the implant's integration or complications related to the prosthetic tooth. An in-depth examination is essential to pinpoint the cause. Discomfort or pain while eating could be due to various factors, including misalignment, implant fracture, or issues with the prosthetic tooth. Unusual odor or taste The presence of an unpleasant or abnormal odor or taste near the implant site can signify an underlying issue, potentially an infection. Ignoring this symptom may lead to severe complications. Swift, professional intervention is necessary to diagnose and treat the root cause. A foul odor or taste could indicate bacterial growth or infection in the implant area, which requires immediate attention. Receding gums around the implant area Healthy gum tissue should snugly envelop the base of a dental implant. When gums start to recede, exposing more of the implant than usual may indicate gum disease or issues with the implant itself. Regular check-ups with a dental professional can help monitor gum health. If left untreated, receding gums can lead to further complications, including potential implant exposure or bone loss. Pus or discharge The presence of pus or discharge around the implant site is a definitive sign of infection. This must not be disregarded, as untreated infections can have severe consequences. Immediate dental care is critical to manage the infection and prevent further complications. Pus or discharge indicates a localized infection, which, if not addressed promptly, can lead to more severe systemic issues and potential implant failure. Persistent bleeding While some bleeding is normal after implant surgery, prolonged or recurring bleeding is cause for concern. It might suggest improper healing, an infection, or other complications. Dental professionals should evaluate any sustained bleeding to rule out potential issues. Prolonged bleeding could also indicate compromised healing, inadequate blood clot formation, or underlying vascular issues. Unexplained sensations Patients may experience tingling, numbness, or a "pins and needles" feeling around the implant site. These sensations could indicate nerve involvement, possibly due to the implant's placement or pressure on surrounding tissues. Nerve-related symptoms should be assessed promptly to prevent potential long-term complications. Changes in gum color and texture Healthy gums are typically pink and firm. Any alterations in color (such as redness or bluish tint) or texture (softening or ulceration) can indicate gum disease or other underlying problems. Changes in gum appearance suggest potential issues with gum health, which could impact the stability and health of the dental implant. Visible bone loss Significant bone loss may occur around the implant site in severe implant complications. This can result in a noticeable change in the shape and structure of the jaw. Visible bone loss is a critical sign that requires prompt attention to prevent further structural issues and maintain the implant's stability.

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